2001 and Before

EMICS AND ETICS OF CULTURALLY-ENDORSED IMPLICIT LEADERSHIP THEORIES: ARE ATTRIBUTES OF
CHARISMATIC/TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP UNIVERSALLY ENDORSED?

Leadership Quarterly:
Den Hartog, et al., in press

n the latest GLOBE publication, we focus on culturally-endorsed implicit theories of leadership (CLTs). Although cross-cultural research emphasizes that different cultural groups likely have different conceptions of what leadership should entail, a controversial position is argued here, namely that attributes associated with charismatic/ transformational leadership will be universally endorsed as contributing to outstanding leadership. This hypothesis was tested in 60 cultures as part of the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) Research Program. Universally endorsed leader attributes, as well as attributes that are universally seen as impediments to outstanding leadership and culturally-contingent attributes are presented here. The results support the hypothesis that specific aspects of charismatic/ transformational leadership are strongly and universally endorsed across cultures.

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CCI Publications: Manuscripts In Press or Submitted for Publication

European CCIS: Cultural Variation of Leadership Prototypes Across 22 European Countries

This study sets out to test the assumption that concepts of leadership differ as a function of cultural differences in Europe and to identify dimensions which describe differences in leadership concepts across European countries. Middle-level managers (N = 6.052) from 22 European countries rated 112 questionnaire items containing descriptions of leadership traits and behaviours. For each attribute respondents rated how well it fits their concept of an
outstanding business leader. The findings support the assumption that leadership concepts are culturally endorsed. Specifically, clusters of European countries which share similar cultural values according to prior cross-cultural research (S. Ronen & O. Shenkar, 1985), also share similar leadership concepts. The leadership prototypicality dimensions are highly correlated with cultural dimensions reported in a comprehensive cross-cultural study of
contemporary Europe (P. B. Smith, S. Dugan and F. Trompenaars, 1996). The ordering of countries on the leadership dimensions is considered a useful tool with which to model differences between leadership concepts of different cultural origin in Europe. Practical implications for cross-cultural management, both in European and non-European settings, are discussed.

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Book Chapter: Cultural Influences on Leadership and Organizations: The GLOBE Project.

GLOBE's first publication is a book chapter describing the development of the GLOBE project, the structure of the GLOBE research group, and a description of some initial results. This chapter will appear as the lead article in the first volume of Bill Mobley's JAI series entitled "Advances in Global Leadership".

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The figure that goes with the book chapter is available by clicking here.

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